{"id":5722,"date":"2024-05-02T05:26:59","date_gmt":"2024-05-02T05:26:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oandgaccounting.com\/?page_id=5722"},"modified":"2025-03-07T12:40:16","modified_gmt":"2025-03-07T12:40:16","slug":"a-landmark-case-in-u-s-real-estate-investment-and-trade-or-business-classification","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/oandgaccounting.com\/es\/resources\/a-landmark-case-in-u-s-real-estate-investment-and-trade-or-business-classification\/","title":{"rendered":"Lewenhaupt v. Comm&#039;r: Un caso emblem\u00e1tico en la inversi\u00f3n inmobiliaria y la clasificaci\u00f3n comercial o empresarial en Estados Unidos"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"onefivequestion\">\n<div class=\"container py-4 text-left\">\n<p>Fuente: <a href=\"http:\/\/Lewenhaupt v. Comm'r\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Lewenhaupt v. Comm&#039;r, 20 TC 151, 162 (1953), aff&#039;d per curiam, 221 F.2d 227 (9th Cir. 1955)<\/p>\n<p><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Cuando los extranjeros invierten en bienes ra\u00edces dentro de los Estados Unidos, el Servicio de Impuestos Internos (IRS) y los tribunales eval\u00faan rigurosamente si dichas actividades constituyen <a href=\"https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/cfr\/text\/26\/1.864-2\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">participaci\u00f3n en el comercio o los negocios en Estados Unidos<\/a>. Esta determinaci\u00f3n es crucial, ya que impacta significativamente las obligaciones tributarias. Un caso emblem\u00e1tico que ilustra este proceso es Jan Casimir Lewenhaupt v. Commissioner, una decisi\u00f3n crucial de un tribunal fiscal estadounidense que aclar\u00f3 cu\u00e1ndo las inversiones inmobiliarias de personas f\u00edsicas extranjeras se convierten en negocios activos.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Criterios para determinar la participaci\u00f3n comercial o empresarial de EE. UU.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>El caso Lewenhaupt establece criterios espec\u00edficos para evaluar si las actividades de una persona extranjera en Estados Unidos constituyen un negocio o actividad comercial. El tribunal adopt\u00f3 un enfoque de &quot;hechos y circunstancias&quot;, centr\u00e1ndose en la naturaleza y el alcance de las actividades de la persona extranjera en Estados Unidos. Este m\u00e9todo requiere un examen detallado de varios factores clave:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Naturaleza y alcance de las actividades: El IRS y los tribunales examinan si las actividades son considerables, continuas y regulares. En el caso Lewenhaupt, las transacciones inmobiliarias del contribuyente, incluyendo la administraci\u00f3n y operaci\u00f3n de propiedades a trav\u00e9s de un agente, se consideraron suficientes para constituir un negocio o comercio porque no eran espor\u00e1dicas ni incidentales, sino que formaban parte integral de sus operaciones comerciales.<\/li>\n<li>Administraci\u00f3n y facultades otorgadas a los agentes: Un aspecto cr\u00edtico examinado en este caso fueron las amplias facultades otorgadas al agente del contribuyente. Estas inclu\u00edan la facultad de comprar, vender, arrendar e hipotecar bienes inmuebles en nombre del propietario extranjero. Dicha delegaci\u00f3n indica un nivel sustancial de control y una participaci\u00f3n activa en las operaciones comerciales, lo que impulsa la escala hacia el negocio en lugar de la mera inversi\u00f3n.<\/li>\n<li>\n<h5>Actividades espec\u00edficas evaluadas por el IRS: Las actividades que fueron examinadas espec\u00edficamente incluyen:<\/h5>\n<ul style=\"padding-bottom: 0;margin-bottom: 0;\">\n<li style=\"padding-left: 25px;\">Ejecuci\u00f3n de contratos de arrendamiento y alquiler de propiedades<\/li>\n<li style=\"padding-left: 25px;\">Cobro de alquileres<\/li>\n<li style=\"padding-left: 25px;\">Llevar libros de contabilidad<\/li>\n<li style=\"padding-left: 25px;\">Supervisi\u00f3n de reparaciones<\/li>\n<li style=\"padding-left: 25px;\">Pago de impuestos e intereses hipotecarios<\/li>\n<li style=\"padding-left: 25px;\">Asegurar propiedades<\/li>\n<li style=\"padding-left: 25px;\">Compra y venta de propiedades<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>          Estas actividades, especialmente cuando son regulares e integrales a la gesti\u00f3n de las propiedades, sugieren m\u00e1s que una inversi\u00f3n pasiva y apuntan hacia una gesti\u00f3n empresarial activa.\n    <\/li>\n<li>Actividades imputadas del agente: El tribunal tambi\u00e9n consider\u00f3 si las actividades del agente pod\u00edan imputarse al propietario, lo que suele ocurrir cuando el agente act\u00faa en el \u00e1mbito de sus facultades. En el caso Lewenhaupt, la gesti\u00f3n activa de las propiedades por parte del agente fue crucial para la decisi\u00f3n del tribunal, lo que subraya su papel como una extensi\u00f3n de la presencia comercial del contribuyente en Estados Unidos.<\/li>\n<li>Condiciones de los arrendamientos de propiedades: Las condiciones que exigen que el propietario o su agente administren activamente la propiedad, como las obligaciones de cobrar alquileres, supervisar reparaciones y gestionar las interacciones con los inquilinos, tambi\u00e9n pueden indicar la participaci\u00f3n en un negocio o comercio estadounidense. Estas responsabilidades van m\u00e1s all\u00e1 de la inversi\u00f3n pasiva e implican importantes decisiones y acciones de gesti\u00f3n.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h5>Conclusi\u00f3n<\/h5>\n<p><strong>Jan Casimir Lewenhaupt contra el Comisario<\/strong> Sirve como un caso fundamental para comprender c\u00f3mo el IRS y los tribunales estadounidenses distinguen entre la inversi\u00f3n inmobiliaria pasiva y las actividades comerciales activas. Para los extranjeros que contemplan o ya invierten en bienes ra\u00edces estadounidenses, este caso subraya la importancia de comprender las implicaciones de sus actividades y las posibles responsabilidades fiscales que conlleva el ingreso a un territorio comercial activo.<\/p>\n<p>Para los profesionales de impuestos, este caso ofrece un modelo para asesorar a clientes extranjeros sobre la estructuraci\u00f3n de sus actividades inmobiliarias en EE. UU., a fin de evitar o prepararse para la clasificaci\u00f3n empresarial y sus consecuencias fiscales. Las perspectivas de <strong>Lewenhaupt<\/strong> seguir orientando las interpretaciones y decisiones en esta \u00e1rea compleja y en evoluci\u00f3n del derecho tributario.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Source: Lewenhaupt v. Comm&#8217;r, 20 T.C. 151, 162 (1953), aff&#8217;d per curiam, 221 F.2d 227 (9th Cir. 1955) When foreign nationals invest in real estate within the United States, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and the courts rigorously assess whether such activities constitute engagement in U.S. trade or business. This determination is crucial as it &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/oandgaccounting.com\/es\/resources\/a-landmark-case-in-u-s-real-estate-investment-and-trade-or-business-classification\/\" class=\"more-link\">Seguir leyendo<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Lewenhaupt v. Comm&#8217;r: A Landmark Case in U.S. Real Estate Investment and Trade or Business Classification&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":24,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"default_withchat.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5722","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Lewenhaupt v. 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